Tectonic uplift and folding from around 12 to 3 million years ago raised Labuan from the seafloor, folding its sedimentary layers into hills and ridges.
The uplift and tectonic processes that occurred from about 12 million to 3 million years ago gradually raised Labuan from the seabed, folding layers of sedimentary rock to form the island and its hills.
This geosite is the largest in Labuan, encompassing four main areas made up of elongated ridges or hills on the eastern and western parts of the island. These ridges represent the Temburong and Belait Formations, serving as clear evidence of the tectonic forces that once acted along an axis crossing the centre of Labuan.
On the western side, the ridges extend from the north at Tanjung Kubong through Bukit Merinding to Tanjung Layang-layangan. The second ridge begins in central Labuan, running through Kampung Bebuloh Darat and Bebuloh Laut to Tanjung Punei. On the eastern side of the island, there are two ridges located near Labuan Airport and Tanjung Batu.
River channel deposits from approximately 15 million years ago, part of the lower Belait Formation. Fresh outcrops exhibit near-horizontal thick sandstone layers. A scenic and diverse coastal landscape with alternating sandy and rocky shorelines, featuring sea caves and arches in several locations.
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Thickly bedded sandstone layers representing ancient tidal-influenced river channels. Abundant shallow marine trace fossils such as Ophiomorpha isp. and Teichichnus isp. are visible. Exceptionally well-developed tafoni (honeycomb weathering structures) formed by salt spray from the sea, creating intricate voids on coastal rock surfaces.
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Exposing high-quality, fresh rock surfaces showcasing large-scale cross-bedding with embedded coal fragments, a unique feature not recorded elsewhere in Malaysia. Characterised by a broad tidal flat displaying current and wave ripple structures at low tide, with visible Belait Formation strata extending offshore toward Pulau Ular, and a natural sea arch sculpted by wave erosion.
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