Site of one of Southeast Asia’s earliest coal mining operations (19th century). Remains of tunnels, shafts and adits are still visible in the island’s northern sector.
In the 19th century, Labuan was among the first coal mining centres in Southeast Asia. Evidence of this activity can still be clearly seen through mining structures such as tunnels, shafts, and adits, particularly in the northern part of the island.
The history of coal mining from the mid-19th to the 20th century is well preserved at a geosite located near the Chimney Museum. This site contains three coal mining tunnels known as Tunnel 3, Tunnel 4, and Tunnel 7. Visitors can view the coal seams inside Tunnel 4 and experience the authentic atmosphere of historical coal mining. In addition, there are adits and several concrete structures believed to be remnants of original buildings or foundations.
River channel deposits from approximately 15 million years ago, part of the lower Belait Formation. Fresh outcrops exhibit near-horizontal thick sandstone layers. A scenic and diverse coastal landscape with alternating sandy and rocky shorelines, featuring sea caves and arches in several locations.
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Thickly bedded sandstone layers representing ancient tidal-influenced river channels. Abundant shallow marine trace fossils such as Ophiomorpha isp. and Teichichnus isp. are visible. Exceptionally well-developed tafoni (honeycomb weathering structures) formed by salt spray from the sea, creating intricate voids on coastal rock surfaces.
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Exposing high-quality, fresh rock surfaces showcasing large-scale cross-bedding with embedded coal fragments, a unique feature not recorded elsewhere in Malaysia. Characterised by a broad tidal flat displaying current and wave ripple structures at low tide, with visible Belait Formation strata extending offshore toward Pulau Ular, and a natural sea arch sculpted by wave erosion.
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