River channel deposits from approximately 15 million years ago, part of the lower Belait Formation. Fresh outcrops exhibit near-horizontal thick sandstone layers. A scenic and diverse coastal landscape with alternating sandy and rocky shorelines, featuring sea caves and arches in several locations.
The rocks at this geosite are interpreted as braided river deposits that formed around 15 million years ago and are part of the lower sequence of the Belait Formation. The fresh and well-preserved outcrops display thick, nearly horizontal sandstone layers with large-scale cross-bedding clearly exposed along the coastline. These cross-beds are an important indicator for interpreting the depositional environment and the surface conditions of Labuan 15-5 million years ago.
The coastline here is both unique and scenic, with a diverse natural landscape comprising alternating sandy and rocky beaches. In several areas, marine erosion has produced sea caves and sea arches. Various forms of coal can also be observed, including clasts, lenses, medium-thick layers and thin laminations, making this area one of the best examples of an ancient estuary in Malaysia with textbook-quality sedimentary structures.
This geosite also holds historical value as the location of “Raffles Anchorage,” the former site where steamships refuelled with coal during the colonial mining era. Its stunning views and high-quality sedimentary formations make this geosite an ideal spot for recreation, sunrise watching and geological photography.
The rocky beach at Tanjung Kubong showcases very clear sedimentary rock layers, complete with large-scale cross-bedding and various forms of coal. The combination of sandy beaches, rocky shores, sea caves and sea arches creates a unique natural landscape, perfect for recreation and photography, especially for visitors who want to enjoy the beauty of nature while learning about Labuan’s geological history.
Thickly bedded sandstone layers representing ancient tidal-influenced river channels. Abundant shallow marine trace fossils such as Ophiomorpha isp. and Teichichnus isp. are visible. Exceptionally well-developed tafoni (honeycomb weathering structures) formed by salt spray from the sea, creating intricate voids on coastal rock surfaces.
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Exposing high-quality, fresh rock surfaces showcasing large-scale cross-bedding with embedded coal fragments, a unique feature not recorded elsewhere in Malaysia. Characterised by a broad tidal flat displaying current and wave ripple structures at low tide, with visible Belait Formation strata extending offshore toward Pulau Ular, and a natural sea arch sculpted by wave erosion.
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Deep marine sedimentary deposits exceeding 2,000 m depth, comprising dark grey to reddish mudstone with interbedded siltstone and medium-grained sandstone. Rich in deep-sea trace fossils, making this a highly valuable scientific geosite.
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